Renowed historian from Pakistan, Hassan Jafar Zaidi, presented this paper at the annual meeting of “Hulqa-e-Irbab-e-Zauq” at the Independence day of Pakistan, 14th Aug 2009, highlighting dialectical basis of the creation of Pakistan to debunk the idealistic fallacies on this subject still continuing after 60 years.

God did not create state. Man evolved and created state in the shapes and forms suited to him according to growth of means of production and the level of organization required to manage the relationships of production and maintain equilibrium in a particular society. The state has not existed from all eternity.

For two decades, from the sierras of Latin America to the paddy fields of Asia and the mountains of North Africa, a single hurricane seemed to be sweeping away the old colonial order and the economic dominance of the North. As the title of a 1977 documentary by Chris Marker depicting revolutionary struggles from Paris to La Paz put it: “Deep down the air is red” (Le fond de l’air est rouge).

The Af-Pak war is unlikely to become a real Vietnam in scale, but it may have the capacity to inflict upon the US the sort of defeat the US itself once helped inflict upon the Russians

Darwin Speaks: “How faithlessness stalked me”. An “interview” with Charles Darwin in which he describes how he became a student of nature, his initiation into the theory of evolution, and his religious scruples. It seemed he knew the trouble he was getting into

War against all odds, had to retreat into the New Economic Policy of allowing a much wider scope to the market economy and private property—Lenin uses the analogy of a climber who must backtrack from his first attempt to reach a new mountain peak to describe what retreat means in a revolutionary process